STAN LEAD! | Socialist Action 1983

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EADY expressing opposition had been closed by legislation.

We chose to defy the law. We first broke the law in such a way as to avoid recourse violence. When this form . was legislated against when the government resorted to a show of force to crush the opposition to its policies, only then did we decide answer violence with violence'.

The Sharpeville massacre sparked a discussion in the ANC. plained 'At the beginning of June 196l. atter a lon and anxious assessment of the South African situa tion I and some of my colleagues came • to the con clusion that the violence in this country was inevitable would be unrealistic and wrong for African leaders tinue preaching peace and non-violence when the government met the military wing of the liberation moverichl Umkhonto we Sizwe Spear of the Nation - wa: formed. manifesto declares: : 'The time comes in the life of any nation there remain only two choices - submit or fight' The first operations of Umkhonto involved sabotage of the economy and government, but soon la parfare. Man. guerilla warfare dela's evidence continues, Mandela and Walter Sisulu in South Africa's notorious

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Socialist Action 1 November 1985

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forepeaceful demands by So, in December 1961