With its political posi tion secure, and with the Capanese invasion or civil country shaken war, the Indian bourgeoisie after dependence was able to embark on relatively conererl economIc alu political project.
Economically India tried to achieve a relatively self-sufficient dustrialisation. Participation of foreign capital in the economy was kept low - per head of the population capital imports into India were only one third those of Pakistan and only twelth Taiwan South Korea. A large state industrial sector was created. Major economic aid particular in fields such as the steel in dustry and power supply sought from the was Soviet Union Politically, 'nonalignment' was an expresof the same process. SOU India maintained all its practical links with the world capitalist economy. But it made major defence purchases from the Soviet Union and kept up a verbally 'socialist' rhetoric.
Land The effect of this economic orientation was increasing economic differentiation For the majority countly. of the population standard of life has not im proved since dependence. Landlessness among the peasants has increased haiel benneficiary COle of the economic growth Wal the big capitalist the employers large farmers in certain specific regions of the country.
In some of the poorest states with the highest eve c of landlessness (West Bengal, Kerela, , Andhra Pradesh) the Indian Communist Party and Indian Communist
Socialist Action